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My name is Paolo Cardullo and I am a research student in Visual Sociology at Goldsmiths, University of London. You will find more information about me and my research projects in these posts or at the About page of my photoblog. Please feel free to participate by posting feedback or contacting me directly:

paolo [at] kiddingthecity [dot] org

How to Promote Zotero at Your Institution and Why

Browsing the net around the use of reports in ZOTERO, the super-easy and powerful Open Source reference management software, I came across this slide show which I am happy to share here:

Zotero workshop slides

Many thanks to our friend to have put this up, it is really encouraging. What in fact struck me about this slideshow (distributed on Slideshare, an easy way to make sure ‘your ideas can be found and shared by a wide audience’) is the marketing-like mind set. From page 9 onwards, in particular, there is a clear outline of the 10 golden reasons to convince the decision-makers at your own institution to adopt ZOTERO. This is very important and made me think of two sets of related problems:

  1. Despite ZOTERO being such an amazing software, easy to use, customizable, very powerful and in continuous evolution (being its source code open), and by far superior to mainstream copyrighted software (such as the popular EndNote, produced by the multinational Thomson Reuters), there is no way to use it within your campus or library unless you are able to convince a few people in charge. That is, despite the fact that the very users of research and reference software strongly recommend ZOTERO as an extraordinary (and in my opinion essential) tool for academic and research work, there are still strong resistances not just around its adoption, but also around the experimentation of pilot schemes. We need then to ask why this is the case? In my experience at Goldsmiths, University of London, I found that mostly ignorance (without malice, but in the literal sense of the terms as ‘not knowing’) was the main obstacle. And also a sense of unwillingness to move out of a comfort zone…I have often been reminded that not many users are willing to try new software, basically the number of EndNote users being far superior to ZOTERO users would be the trigger. A quantitative assessment, then. As such it needs more investigation. Most of my first year students have never heard of EndNote or indeed of any reference software when they enrol to University. They had no reason to. They find EndNotes already installed in every machine on the campus. They have been asked to enrol in free training given by members of staff. Free training which will pay an invaluable dividend to multinationals of knowledge once students leave college and have to pay for their software licenses. Most of them, though, are already very familiar with iTunes (whose interface has been partially replicated by ZOTERO developers) and with social networking (sharing stuff, social profiling, groups, etc, which are very important additions to the latest ZOTERO version). This triggers my second point:
  2. with Free and Open Source Software (FLOSS), as ZOTERO is, users become also representatives and promoters of a product, which in turn increases a sense of shared ownership on the software. It is often thought that Open Source stuff is a hacker-based solution to the normal functioning of the world (for ‘normal’ read: Microsoft planet, iMac all-inclusive galaxy, etc), This is obviously a false assumption for many reasons. Not everyone is a programmer of course, but there are other areas in which we can help the development of free-from-profit software. One of these is the marketing and promotion, the quasi evangelic proselytism for potential users (and on this the first part of the above slideshow is inspiring, as it tries to detect a few ideal types of users).

So, how to move strategically within academia? If we think of it as an institution with local hierarchy and inertia, then we need a tactical movement of people, resources and ideas…the third part of the slideshow (from page 20) is good at that. So, any ideas? How can we promote ZOTERO? How can we convince technocrats, bureaucrats, administrators, and finance officers that the software is reliable, it costs nothing (in the age of recession that should work!), and is user friendly? What are the resistances to its implementation?

As I wrote somewhere before, there is a silent revolution in the use of Open Source software that cannot be arrested. Lets hope that this will be quicker and smoother. If you want to discuss any of these points or simply want some free help to organise a workshop, a training session, or a brainstorm on ZOTERO at your academic institution, please get in touch: p.cardullo@gold.ac.uk

Also a good starting point is here. And a list of institutions who have adopted or recommend ZOTERO is here. Why is there a cluster in the western world when ZOTERO is free and should therefore be more useful for less rich country? Another of the mystery that I am keen on finding out.

Good luck!

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2010 08 27 (2 weeks ago) Blogging the City Comments (1)

The Bronze Lions Outside the HSBS Headquarters

Following comments and an exchange of emails from my previous post about the bronze lions outside the HSBS headquarter in Canary Wharf, London, I am extremely pleased to publish this amazing series of photographs about Hong Kong and the bronze lions there. Mr. Hagan’s two black-and-white photos were taken in the 50′s, and the two colour ones very recently, when he re-visited China with his youngest grandson. An amazing story, as it follows:

I was a 20 year old marine attached to the USS Princeton, the first US commissioned anti submarine carrier. This Essex class carrier was built in 1945, one of the last to be built (in background of b &w Hong Kong harbour). A buddy took my pic sitting beside “Stephen”, the lion in front of the bank of china in 1955. There were two such bronze lions cast in 1935 in Shanghai, then brought to Hong Kong, the lions were taken to Japan during WWII to be melted down for war materials, but this never got done, as gen. MacArthur ordered them back to Hong Kong. Bullet impacts are still visible from the battle of Hong Kong in the 1970′s the original bank was torn down and rebuilt, thus the different backgrounds. The colour pics show Hong Kong as it is today, a huge city of towering buildings and commerce. Stephen was not difficult to find last year when i took a tour of China. A fellow traveller took the shot.

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2010 07 09 Dreaming the City
Imaging the City
Remembering the City Comments (0)

How to Embed your Zotero Bibliography in Scribus Books

I had a bit of problems with the possibility of inserting my ZOTERO references in the pdf book I have been working on lately. Being it a photobook, I thought not to have a traditional Bibliography at the end of the text: that would have been a bit too heavy. Instead, I opted for a more flexible footnote style of referencing, such as Chicago without bibliography. The problem was that Scribus does not like footnotes from Open Office or Word text files (as far as I am concerned with Word). However, I found this workaround:

1. write your text in Open Office with a bibliographic style with footnotes;
2. save your text as html;
3. import the text in that format into Scribus;
4. edit text as appropriate

It works, your footnotes are there but only at the end of the text, so you might want to split very long text into chapters in order to help the readers. Some minor adjustments of style might be needed (such as spaces or parenthesis).

See an example here.

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2010 06 29 Blogging the City Comments (0)

My New Photobook, from Scribus to Blurb via the Gimp

“Doing Work: Chronicles of the Working River”

by Paolo Cardullo

Blurb: London, 2010. Second Edition (80 pp.)

This book is made exclusively using Open Source Software, namely: Scribus for desktop publishing (exported to the PDF/X-3 standard required by Blurb), Open Office for the text (saved in HTLM in order to keep the footnotes), and obviously The Gimp for photo-editing. That’s it, all open and free as free speech can be. It is available for preview and download under Creative Commons Unported License 3.0 (What is that?).

The book is now available also in Dust Jacket and Soft cover from Blurb bookstore.

Important: the Pdf version published here is the ‘rough’ file which does not take into account the trim and the spine cutting of the final printed version. So, there is a little discrepancy between the two: this is evident in the full-bleed pictures which might show a slight duplication. The hard copy version is definitely more accurate.

Download Pdf from here (30 Mb)

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2010 06 16 Blogging the City Comments (1)

Zotero, Ubuntu 10.04, and Java: not a perfect marriage as yet

I want to share this because it gave me quite a big headache first thing this morning: I had just updated to the latest stable Ubuntu version 10.04, and Zotero did not work, or better the transmission between Open Office (now version 3.2) and Firefox (3.6) did not work. Why? well, because the Java applet necessary to run the transmission did not find a correspondent plug-in in Firefox. In fact, in the latest Ubuntu the sun-java package has been removed for the well-functioning open source icedtea plugin (which runs Java finely as far as I could see).  The proprietary Java package from Sun Microsystem, which produces OO too, has been rightly moved to ‘Other Partners’ repository.

What you need to do:

1. in Software Sources/Other Software/Add “deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner” (without inverted commas) or from the command line:  add-apt-repository “deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner”

2. if installed before, mark for complete removal: openjdk-6-jre

3. install from Application/Ubuntu Software Center: sun-java6-jre and sun-java6-plugin

4. restart as appropriate both Firefox and OO


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2010 05 03 Blogging the City Comments (13)

Stepan Rudik, the kids, and the Institute…

or ‘For a fistful of pixels’.

[caption id="attachment_1092" align="aligncenter" width="300" caption="World Press website"][/caption]

This post is also an attempt to apologise to the unknown photographer for the previous comments I made on the Facebook forum promoted by The British Journal of Photography on the matter. In that circumstance, in fact, I suggested that the disqualified photo (from being 3rd winner at the World Press 2010 for Sport Features stories) was cropped so much that would put the whole representation out-of-context, the context of a story called “Street fighting, Kiev, Ukraine”, ‘while the original picture seems taken out of a rather innocent sport event’, as I unhappily commented.

[caption id="attachment_1073" align="alignleft" width="224" caption="disqualified photo © Stepan Rudik"][/caption] [caption id="attachment_1074" align="alignright" width="300" caption="original raw photo © Stepan Rudik"][/caption]

I was terribly wrong. When in fact the first blogs started coming out with the whole series of pictures from the World Press Competition, it became immediately clear to me that not just the photo in question was well-within the context of the event narrated, but also, and crucially, that the series is a terrific reportage of a practice of street fighting. The photographs entered the competition as story (Sports Features: 3rd prize stories), not as single shot as I originally thought. This misunderstanding is even more recurrent in the articles and posts around the web, as they all focus on the manipulated photo, treating the competition entry as ‘single’ and not as a ‘story’. Therefore the jury – made of very experienced photographers and people working in the media industry – should have fully understood that, and acknowledged the photographer’s effort to be there, his relationship with ‘gatekeepers’, and his ability at documenting this dramatic practice, rather than rehearsing the fable of ‘authenticity’ and the chimera of photographic ‘truth’.

I decided to copy and publish the photographs in question, as: a) they have already been published on the Net; b) full credits are given to the author, who in fact only gets more deserved notoriety from this, and; c) the link to the original source is provided.

So, first and foremost I think we need to give credits to this photographer to have done a terrific job out there (however disputable his choice of dramatically cropping the photograph presented might be), and secondly we need to ask what are the “currently accepted standards in the industry” according to which the World Press jury disqualified the picture of the hand? In the name of the ‘integrity of our organization’ [hmmm?] and ‘high standards in photojournalism’ [sic! sic! sic!] they had to disqualify Mr. Rudik from the competition. It was the covering of a half foot behind the hand to have trigger the decision of the jury….that is frankly a disputable decision, in my modest opinion: it does not move by a bit the ‘content’ of the photo, it just corrects a slightly white dot under the blackish band. How many times, in fact, we crop, edit, and desaturate photographs in order to enhance details, to hide imperfections, or to tell a slightly different story? And, isn’t the moment of ‘shooting’ a choice in itself? Too many variables come into place before we can only think about ‘truth’ in photography, especially in the era of the digital output. The photographs in the series below, on the other hand, are so terribly ‘real’, and their attachment to the trace (of flesh and blood, literally) of the ‘real’ is far too deep to be dismissed by a few manipulated pixels. Finally speaking to the British Journal of Photography, the young free-lance photographer explains: “There are about 150-200 such groups in Kiev. It’s a closed event, where only friends are allowed. They meet in the outskirts of the city. They call it a ‘fair play’, each group fields equal amount of fighters for a fight, they don’t beat those who are already lying on the ground, and they fight until all the fighters of one of the groups are brought low”.

My impression is rather that the ‘Institute’ is striving at protecting an increasingly nervous ‘profession’, by drawing strict boundaries to the ‘discipline’, right during a dramatic and unstoppable technological change in the practice. It is almost impossible to find Rudik’s photographs submitted for the competition. On the other hand, most of the web around professional photography is focusing only on the singular photo and the presumed violation, and they are all getting quite hysterical in dismissing this guy and re-claiming the ‘truth’ violated: all for a fistful of pixels…. Is/should be there a ‘digital ethics’, as some of these discussions seem to imply? Or is it a ‘generational’ conflict between the old guard of BW film processing specialists and the new wave of Photoshop enthusiasts? And who created that aesthetic cliché for photojournalism that’s got to be BW, grainy, ‘film effect’, burned margins, dramatic cropping in order to stake a chance?

And would Stepan have left the photographs in colour, then we might have had a chance to ‘relax’ a bit more about the context in which the story unfolds? We might have had an opportunity to move away from these clichés and instead appreciate the festive climate of ‘sportive’ event in which the confrontation effectively seems to have taken place: teasing, smiling and unwritten rules of the game are here as equally important as the moral judgement of the viewers.

You can now see more work from Stepan Rudik here: I am particularly impressed by his work on migrants and the station in Moscow.

dramatically
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2010 03 05 Blogging the City
Framing the City Comments (1)

Presentation at Crossing Lines

Crossing Lines is an on-going collaboration between the Centre for Urban and Community Research (CUCR) and London Independent photography (LIP).

My presentation slides on the dialectic between the spaces of representation and the representation of spaces in the context of the regeneration of the Greenwich Peninsula is available here. The final part shows some of my pictures of the ‘rim’ in-between neighbourhoods (the infamous A102M), as well as the rim between interior and exterior of residential housing.

The presentation is a Pdf file created in Open Office. The photographs have been edited with The Gimp, free and open-source photo editing software. I run both programmes on Ubuntu system.

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2010 02 16 Blogging the City Comments (1)

My Photobook from Scribus to Blurb via The Gimp

I have just printed my first photobook ((Cardullo, P. 2010 Walking on the Rim: a Tale of Abjection, London: Blurb.)) entirely made with Open Source software, that is, without easy off-the-shelf templates and long-established work-flow (e.g. Adobe/Mac duopoly). The software I have used are Scribus, for the pagination and the final PDF conversion, and The Gimp, for the picture editing (a little bit of Open Office to bring the text together, too). I have been using The Gimp for a while now (moving from 10 years and more of Photoshop addiction) and, apart for the limitation of not providing 16bit editing as yet (hopefully the new version will address this once and for all), it is absolutely fine, highly customizable as you might expect, and relatively easy to use with loads of plug-ins and tips available on line. Scribus is a really stable (I have used the 1.3.3 version which is provided in the Ubuntu repository, but things move fast there too), user friendly, professional software, and it comes with a very handy manual written in human terms (no jargon and endless explanation with 20 different ways on how to do the same thing).

So, how do you make your Blurb-ready pdf? Well, as you might already know there is a possibility to upload your own pfd to blurb website and there are plenty of FAQ, guides, tips, forums, etc. there already. Above all, when you know what you want to make, there is a very useful calculator which will tell you the exact measures of your template, both for the cover and for the main pages of your book. When you have created in Scribus your two templates according to those specifications, you are almost done! Insert all the measurements in the Doc Properties, and start making bit by bit your book, almost like an artisan: it is your book, after all, the thing you care of most, at that moment! Soon, after the first few pages, you will get much better at it, and use all the handy keyboard short cuts and appreciate the full Gimp integration. For more technical guys, there is also a full integrated colour management, preflight and PDF/X-3 conversion for soft-proofing.

Who needs heavy, expensive, and hard-to-use proprietary software, any more?

A low resolution full preview of my ‘home-brewed’ photobook can be seen below or you might want to download it from here (it is 14.3 mb pdf file, but it is a 80 pp photobook!). Obviously, it is distributed under Creative Commons 3.0 Unported License.

Last minute update:

  • review of the book in this article by Luigi Manzione on Archphoto, online magazine of architecture and visual culture (ISSN 1971-0739), in Italian.
  • the book arrived on Christmas Eve, before I expected it, and it is above my expectations. The issue of a green and cyan hue, which seriously worried me as it was all too evident in the Adobe Reader preview with PDF/X-3 proofreading enabled, did not materialized: this must be a bug in Adobe Reader, as it did not appear in any other PDF readers (e.g. XPDF or Firefox own plugin). The book, as I said, is wonderful and made me really proud for the overall achievement. Big thanks to Blurb people for their excellent work: a truly amazing Xmas present!


Important: My photobook is dedicated to 31-year-old Adrianna Skrzypiec, from Rotherhithe. “A supervisor for fashion website Net-A-Porter, she moved to London from Szczecin, northern Poland, six years ago, and was planning to buy a house and start a family with her boyfriend…” ((The Evening Standard, May 2009)) .
The yellow police board went long ago, and nobody has yet been arrested in connection with Adrianna’s death.
The ghost bike memorial, placed there by members of Greenwich Cyclists has (incredibly!) been moved only a few meters away as a second ghost bike was unfortunately needed this year (December 2009)….

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2009 12 15 Blogging the City Comments (3)

Why I love Zotero

I started using Zotero, an advanced referencing software, about two years ago, a bit as one of many other extensions to Firefox (Mozilla free and open-source web browser). At the time, I was also daily commuting into work, so my reading was often done on public transport (sic!), and my note-taking very patchy. But only recently, when I began assembling resources for my Literature Review, I realized how useful, easy to use, flexible, and powerful Zotero was, and how many references I managed to collect in the last year only! Seriously, its slogan is: “Research, not re-search”, and with good reasons, and I now think it is an essential tool of my daily work-flow, as I explain below.

Firstly, Zotero has been unusually built by practising researchers and teachers, at the Centre for History and New Media at George Mason University, Washington D.C. This means that its efficacy is absolutely massive, a combination of the traditional bibliographic functions (e.g. the ability to grab and edit in one click information already available throughout other on-line services and export it in a host of metadata: no need to re-typing fields at all!), and the most recent and intuitive interface (the developers unashamedly refer to iTunes style of drag and drop, collections building, tagging, etc). The latter function is often been compared to the resilient habit of many researchers of using index cards and making connections among them by way of spreading them on the table. With Zotero you can easily move in a three-layered database and build links between your resources (with tags and links if you wish), while at the same time having at hand all the notes you took for each specific resource.

Aside from this, and very importantly for the current state of research practices, another unique feature for Zotero is its location. Previous software require you move into other tools to do your research, making your work-flow fragmented into multiple, generally unrelated windows, such as a Word processor, a Web browser, a standalone citation tool like EndNote, and notes written in various digital or analogue forms. Zotero, instead, ‘lives’ in your browser (it is ‘only’ a Firefox plug-in, in fact), therefore, it is already where you are online. This also allows you to be with your referencing and note taking in real time while trawling the web.

I cannot stress enough how simple and useful Zotero is, and I am afraid that the more I write about, the more this might sound complicated and some people might be even put off from trying it. The best thing is then to start using it immediately, and there are plenty of useful tutorials and documentation on the Zotero website: (http://www.zotero.org/support/screencast_tutorials).

Screenshot-ZoteroFirefox_web

The other thing I want to briefly talk about is the underlying political issue around Zotero, which makes it even more appealing for me: a bit of Foucauldian digging, so to speak. Zotero is distributed under the Educational Community License, which is OSI-certified, and GPL-compatible. General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works, while the Open Source Initiative logo means that the Zotero code is open to further improvement, as well as being of course free to use.

This has got huge implications for Universities.

Let me give you a quick example. With your Goldsmiths username you receive (in the package of IT benefits) also a license to use EndNote Web, a miserable version of the EndNote software distributed by the powerful multinational of knowledge, Thomson Reuters (40th in the latest ranking for Top Global Brands). While studying, then, you are able to collect your references and build your bibliographies for your college works for free, but then, at some point, you leave with your degree. What happens to your diligently collected notes and sources? Well, you have two choices: either you leave them behind, or you buy a licence from Thomson at the current price of $300 plus upgrades. In a way, you pay to rescue your work from the software company!

Now, apart from disputing the efficacy of the above software (compared with the latest Zotero version, which really makes a huge impact in many ways, e.g. by providing a pioneering collaborative functionality, and by being multi platform), there is the obvious consideration that our diligent library staff are providing free training for EndNote Web, and therefore, they are providing also future customers to Thomson Reuters! It seems to me that, as matter of fact, we are paying a fee to a powerful multinational three times: firstly, as training hours, which could be used to help students to learn a very intuitive and reliable free software; secondly, as future license fees to purchase the proprietary software; thirdly, and rather obviously, as cost in software for the college as a whole.

To make matters worse, and not surprisingly, the people behind EndNote have recently sued George Mason University (which, by the way also owns an EndNote license), seeking $10,000,000 (yes, 10 millions, where did they get this figure from is still a mystery!) for providing “reverse-engineered software”. That is, for having given users the ability to move between reference software, in our example, to export your own work from a college licensed software onto a different database. To my understanding, this means that they were terribly scared by the fact that Zotero is able to provide (and encourages to do so) an import function for people who want to migrate from EndNote. The allegations sound to me a bit like saying that files created with Microsoft software would be opened just by the same original application. They were finally dismissed in June 2009, and full lawsuit is widely available on the web: (http://www.citmedialaw.org), for what somebody has poetically seen as Thomson Reuters v. Professors of History!

Finally, a curiosity: apparently, ‘Zotero’ is not an ancient Greek word, as I have always thought, but it comes from the Albanian verb zotëro-j, ‘master, acquire, learn fully’. The final -j marks the 1st person indicative (the regular citation form for Albanian verbs); in the imperative, we would get the bare verb root zotëro.

Whoever wants to know more about any of the issues I touched in this article, or wants an informal chat to share any technical matter relating to Zotero (e.g. synchronization, back-up, groups, compatibility), or to organize workshops, or even to promote a ‘Zotero Society’ (sic), can email me at p.cardullo@gold.ac.uk .

I decided to make public my Zotero Library collected so far, shared on Zotero website, where I also hold an account: here. By having a free account on Zotero, I can sync and backup my desktop/laptop Library database (pdf files are instead backed-up via Dropbox), join groups, and follow other people’s libraries. ((If interested you can even create a group whose library will work as a wiki, in which many users can modify and add entries))

Download my workshop handout, given at Sociology @ Goldsmiths in 2009, and spread the word.

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2009 11 28 Blogging the City
Tagging the city Comments (0)

ZOTERO rocks…but not for all

With the new version 2.0, Zotero is definitely making itself known as the best reference software on the market. Actually, this sounds a bit like an oxymoron as Zotero hasn’t got much to do with “the market”: it is in fact free! Zotero is an advanced bibliographic software produced by the Centre for History and New Media of George Mason University. It is a Free Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS), that is, its code is available to anyone who wants to contribute and propose upgrading. It is distributed as plug-in for the Mozilla’s (Floss) browser Firefox, and enables users not just to collect all sort of reference materials with only one click, but also to add personal notes, highlight sentences, create linked tags, organize the collections in many different ways, and of course to produce very effective and precise bibliographies with just one click. For an overview on Zotero’s functionalities, see these videos and tutorials.

playvideo

Despite Zotero being a free and extremely powerful software, there seems to be no interest in our college (Goldsmiths, University of London) to implement it, or to make it easy to use to students and staff. While the Library staff is busy at providing training for a poorly equipped web version of the proprietary software End-Note (distributed by the well-known Thomson Scientific), students complain that there are not enough places available for these sessions. So, it appears legitimate to ask why it is not possible to spread the word and start thinking seriously of replacing the mainstream software with Zotero, creating more training hours and places from savings made on the software. Moreover, while Zotero is multi-platform, the full version of EndNote only works with Windows and Mac (no possibility to integrate the library software on Open Office either). Last but not least, EndNote does not have multi-user capabilities, which has in fact become another powerful feature of Zotero (basically you can create a group and edit the same bibliography on that co-operative project).

You might then want to ask around why the Library staff can’t provide training on ZOTERO. They instead provide training on a miserable web version of EndNote, the software produced by the powerful multinational Thomson Reuters, paradoxically preparing future customers for them: in fact, you are expected to leave your software license behind you when you leave college after graduation, but you will NOT want to leave all your research references and notes as well! Finally, you might want to look at this page (pdf download) in which  ten useful reasons for adopting Zotero are highlighted.

It is also very relevant, I think, to look into the lawsuit that Thomson moved to George Mason Uni, on the blog of the co-director of the Zotero project, Sean Takats, Assistant Professor at the above Centre. In 2008 Thomson Reuters sued George Mason University for providing reverse-engineered software, that is , for having given users the ability to move between reference software, which to my understanding means that they were terribly sucked by the fact that Zotero is able to provide (and encourages to do so) an import function for people who want to migrate from EndNote. The allegations were dismissed in June 2009 (full lawsuit is widely available on the web: http://www.citmedialaw.org): Thomson Reuters v. George Mason University! We live in a ‘free’ market after all, don’t we?

My vision for the future of study is a campus free from proprietary software: this is possible and Linux Ubuntu generates network solutions for education (and police forces, too) already. My vision of university study for the future is precisely this one: to have the courage to kick out all the multinationals of knowledge (Microsoft, Adobe, Apple, Thomson, etc) and start doing the work of innovation expected from certain Universities and Centres, that is, to develop, implement, and promote Free (Libre) and Open Source Software. I would love to see, for instance, Goldsmiths in this list, very soon.

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2009 10 31 Blogging the City
Dreaming the City Comments (0)

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